The Pig in the Pond

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Some of the fishes feed directly on the pig excrete which have 70 percent digestible food for the fish. The duration of culture of fishes and pigs varies. Generally it is about one year, but culture for 6 months duration is also practised. The overall economics of combined fish and pig rearing depends on the local conditions. However, the pigs are generally sold when they have attained a weight of 90-100 kg. The production of fish generally varies between 2 and 18 tons per hectare per annum.

The pig dung acts as an excellent pond fertilizer and raises the biological productivity of the pond and consequently increases fish farming.Here, part of the pond area and the adjacent land area are enclosed with wire fences (Fig. 6.44). About one-fourth of the enclosure will be on the land and the rest in water. Within the wire fence suitable feeding and resting areas are made. It gives higher and stable farm productivity and there is less risk (biologically and econo­mically). It is assumed that all the constituents of the system would benefit from such a combination. However, in most cases, the main beneficiary is the fishes which utilises the animal and agricultural wastes directly or indirectly as food. As integrated farming involves the recycling of wastes, it has been considered an econo­mic and efficient means of environmental manage­ment. Types of Integrated Fish Farming: 1. Paddy-Cum-Fish Culture: Hall has not been involved in those lawsuits. But he, too, says he would "like to see some changes" at the swine operations. "There's a lot of things, a lot of issues that we would love to discuss," he says.

Pigs also love whey. If you live near a cheese factory, they sell this cheaply or give it away. It is an awesome source of pig feed.Trotsky competed with Stalin to become leader of the Soviet Union but was forced to flee the country and was later assassinated. Likewise, Snowball competed with Napoleon and was chased away. Corn is a cheaper food for your pigs too. Some people snub it because it is fattening for them, but they love it, and it keeps them fed. You can either feed them whole kernel corn or soak the corn in water overnight and feed it to them in a slop form. Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries– In their Standards For Suidae and Tayassuidae Sanctuaries , which includes many species and breeds including potbellied and domesticated pigs, it states, “Room dimension is dependent on intended purpose and/or duration of confinement” and “ are a minimum of 64 sq. ft. (5.95 sq. m) per adult animal with a minimum vertical dimension of 8 ft. (2.4 m) for staff access” and a “minimum of 81 sq. ft. (7.53 sq. m) per sow with litter.” In terms of outdoor space, it recommends a “minimum 1 acre (0.4 hectares) per pair of compatible suidae.”

For layers, the floor area required is about 30 cm 2 while for broilers, 15-20 cm 2. The usual floor space allotted for each bird is 20 x 30 x 40 cm. The birds are confined to cages which are made up of standard, stout, galvanised wire. The cages are kept on trays for collection of droppings. For further on poultry refer chapter 5.This is a classic case of greenwashing," says Blakely Hildebrand, an attorney with the Southern Environmental Law Center, which has called for stricter environmental regulation of the pork industry. Greenwashing refers to attempts by companies to paint themselves as friends of the environment for public relations purposes. Such integrated farming increases the produc­tivity per area and thus, the farmers income becomes doubled or more.

Pigs have more of tendency to go through or under fence wire as opposed to going over it. They will use their fleshy nose to pry under things, so make sure that the bottom of any fencing is against the ground and not a couple of inches in the air. A pig may pull and swing on fencing; therefore, it has to be robust enough to withstand these types of forces. Due to abrupt changes in temperature and dissolved oxygen, inadequate space and presence of piscivore birds, there is great loss of fishes which may be about 20-60%.The pig dung as an organic manure for fish culture has advantages over cattle manure. The waste produced by 20 to 30 pigs is equivalent to one ton of Ammonium sulfate applied to the soil.